Thursday, November 30, 2006

49 Up: "Give Me the Child Until He is 7..."



If you haven't seen it yet, here's a remarkable movie / documentary recommendation - 49 UP. Based on the Jesuit saying "Give me the child when he is 7, and I will show you the man," the Up Series chronicles the lives of English children of different socioeconomic backgrounds - beginning at the age of 7, then revisiting (when his interviewees allow) every 7 years.

It's a touching and thought-provoking work that gives credence to the Jesuit idea. At 7 years old, Tony (above) was fidgety, hyperactive, and pugnacious. Today he would almost certainly have been diagnosed as ADHD. At the time, the movie director predicted he'd find him in prison as a young adult. But what Apted missed at the time was the positive side of Tony's restlessness, his big plans for himslef, his doggedness, and his willingness to learn from mistakes.

The whole series is very moving and touches on issues common to everyone- the different cycles of life (teens, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50), life's challenges and disappointments, and decisions to make a meaningful and happy life. At 49 UP, it was gratifying to see most of the original group find peace and satisfaction in their lives. For parents and professionals working with kids, it's also exciting to see how the sparks of interest and idealism seen in children just 7 years old, really could predict achievements and passions of later life.

Seven Up! - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
First Run Features: Meet the Director
Interview: Michael Apted, Director, 49 Up - Cinematical
Tony Walker's Home Page
49 Up at Amazon

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Wednesday, November 29, 2006

Priming the Pump - Optimizing Science Learning Through Analogy

If you get a chance, check out the first link below from a Dartmouth presentation entitled, Mechanisms of Learning and Understanding in Science. It raises interesting issues about reasoning and problem solving in general, and optimal environments or ways to education.

When researchers studed how top molecular biology labs conducted their research, they found that causal reasoning re: unexpected findings was driving much of the reasoning and analogical reasoning was used for hypothesis and explanations.

When the process of analogical reasoning was studied, there appeared to be a two-part process - first, there had to be multiple potential areas for overlap, second there had to be a decision to integrate or select the best fit between the two. The multiple conceptual binding step is shown below.





The integration step is much more focal.




The presentation goes onto compare museum exhibit learning experiences, and makes a persuasive case for successful exhibits having multiple conceptual binding points - like "things to notice", "vocabulary necessary to discuss it", "pictures that relate it to real world phenomena", "questions that lead them to notice salient aspects of the exhibit."

Analogical reasoning can appear as early as the kindergarten or early elementary school years, but Dunbar's work reminded us that in order to be successful, the pump needs to be primed. Everyone comes with different experiences, familiarity, and observational skills - if we want students to really learn analogical reasoning and not simply memorize the right answers, then education and experience "in steps" might be in order first.

Some other nice links we came across...analogy is also important in people science - conflict resolution and successful negotiation.

Analogy, Learning, and Discovery pdfReasoning by Analogy and fMRI
Criteria for Analogical Arguments
Development of Analogical Reasoning in Children
Scientific Reasoning and Thinking
Analogy in Negotiation

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Drs. Eide on King 5 News 11/29


Update: Here's a link to the story!

Drs. Brock and Fernette Eide at King 5 with Jean Enersen

We'll be on King5 TV News Health Link 11/29 Wednesday around 5:40 pm. A wonderful young boy and his family from our clinic will also be on the show. We haven't seen the final cut, but he and his parents shared stories about overcoming the challenges of dysgraphia (writing disability) and the importance of re-focusing his education on his learning strengths and areas of giftedness.

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Tuesday, November 28, 2006

Shake Things Up - Novelty Boosts Learning


Novelty is more efficient at boosting general learning efficiency than repetition alone. In a recent paper in Neuron (not free access yet), Dr Emrah Düzel, UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, commented, “Current practice by behavioural psychologists aims to improve memory through repeatedly exposing a person to information – just as we do when we revise for an exam. This study shows that revising is more effective if you mix new facts in with the old. You actually learn better, even though your brain is also tied up with new information."

Can novelty teaching be taught? Easier said than done, some educational leaders privately admit- temperaments and personalities-preferring novelty seem rarely content to jump through all the hoops necessary for conventional classroom teaching, and the ones that make it through are the least likely to make teaching a lifelong profession.

And yet the novelty-based learning is not only biologically more effective for increasing long-term remembering and exploratory learning, but also central to creative expertise and the preferred learning style of many boys.

Some interesting links below. Schweizer's thesis explores an idea that creativity consists of novelty-seeking, novelty-finding, and novelty-production. This idea has definite implications for education if we consider that one of the chief goals of education should be not to main the status quo, but to improve the world for the better. How often are habits or skills of creative expertise considered to be a mandatory part of the educational curriculum?

Lure of the Unknown pdf
Reward-Motivated Learning fMRI pdf
Novelty aids learning
Novelty-Seeking, Creativity, and Innovation Schweizer Thesis pdf
Children's Different Preferences for Novelty Abstract
Novelty Boosts Exploratory Learning in Boys

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Snowflakes, Order, and Instability

Our first big snowfall! 'Tis the season for making paper snowflakes (some very beautiful free templates below or free template designer), catching snowflakes, and reading story of Snowflake Bentley("No two snowflakes are alike..."). Buy the Caldecott medal-winner Snowflake Bentley book here.

The science of snowflakes is beautiful - instability is what drives snowflake diversity and denditic branching.

SnowCrystals.com
Cynthia Lanius' Lesson Koch Snowflake Fractal, Using JAVA
Symmetry of Snowflakes
Paper Snowflake Templates
Snowflake Bentley
Snowflake Designer!

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Monday, November 27, 2006

Not Equal - Gender Differences in Learning from Male or Female Teachers



A teacher's gender affects students' learning efficiency - whether for social, emotional, or biological reasons. The proportions of male and female teachers vary depending on grade level and discipline, though, likely affecting other aspects of student performance, motivations, and future aspirations.

What to do about this? There probably will be no quick fix, as gender differences among teachers are fairly steady. It might be that the gender divide among teachers might make it more difficult for students to buck gender predictions - like girls in math and science, or boys in language arts. Parents would do well to be on the alert for this - and if appropriate, search for tutors, mentors who could help.






Hoover: How a Teacher's Gender Affects Boys and Girls
CSmonitor.com: Needed in class: a few good men

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Monday, November 20, 2006

Thanksgiving and Charity


"We choose this time, because it is a time, of all others, when Want is keenly felt..." - Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol

Best wishes to all for a wonderful Thanksgiving week. We'll be back blogging Nov 27th.

Thanksgiving and charity often go hand-in-hand at this time of year. From last year's Thanksgiving post, you might remember that being thankful mobilizes multisensory areas, reflection, feelings, and empathy.

This year, we can add a recent study that found some of the same areas activated with charitable giving - like the superior temporal sulcus (important for empathy and intention), but also the posterior cingulate, an area rich for personal or autobiographical memory, familiar faces and stories, and contextual information. Neat, huh? Kind of like the home fires of the brain.

Have a safe and very happy Thanksgiving!

Charity and Altruism in the Brain
Eide Neurolearning Blog: The Science of Thanksgiving
Eide Neurolearning Blog: Deep Thinking Brains and Fluid Thinking Seniors
Remembering Familiar People, Posterior Cingulate, and fMRI pdf
Donate - the Salvation Army

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The First Thanksgiving - Great Kids' Primary Source Site

Check out this great kids' primary source site for the First Thanksgiving. It has a nice interactive feature, facts and myths, different points of view, and illustration of what historians needed to do to piece together what really happened at the First Thanksgiving.

The hosts are two children who were descendants of colonists (Remember Allerton) and Wampanoag Indians!

The First Thanksgiving - Primary Sources at Plimoth Plantation

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Premeds with LDs - Accommodations on the MCAT

News Excerpt: "California's Superior Court of Alameda County ruled in October that the Assn. of American Medical Colleges, which administers the MCAT, must use the state's broader version of the federal Americans with Disabilities Act when determining if people diagnosed with learning disorders such as dyslexia or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are entitled to special accommodations."

AAMC plans to appeal, but the ruling will be a valuable one for many talented physicians-to-be who previously faced discrimination on MCAT (Medical College Admissions Test). Hey AAMC, why not make the test untimed for everyone? Would the AAMC have blocked dyslexic surgeon Harvey Cushing?

Ruling: MCAT must adapt for LD's
Eide Neurolearning Blog: Flashes from the Past: "The worst speller in the class..."


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Friday, November 17, 2006

What You Believe Matters - Can You Change Your Brain?

We've recently been chatting with Dona Matthews and her class of gifted teachers at Hunter College (NY) about the issue of whether it's right to tell bright students that they're smart. In general, we think it is a good thing to appropriately encourage children about their particularly gifts or talents, but at the same time, how it's done should be individualized - as inappropriate high praise can also lead to troubles (unrealistic expectations, arrogance, etc.). The issue came up because of the Cornell research that found that the highest performing students the only group to underestimate (rather than overestimate their ability). This is particularly a problem in highly selective school environment in which the pool is already constricted.

Well, here's another piece of research that shows that what you believe about yourself or learning and intelligence does affect your brain's allocation of resources to attention and learning.

The paper is a bit technical (ERP's), but the bottom line is, you're the worst off if you believe intelligence is fixed (i.e. crystalized, not changeable), and then you discover you've made a mistake. The dark blue shows that these subjects are the most depleted by finding out about their errors - it's as if the brain's resources for attention and learning from mistakes just turns off.



If you believe intelligence is something that occurs with incremental effort, you're less overwhelmed by discovering your errors, your attentional pathways are poised to learn from the feedback, and voila! You become do become smarter.

So which brain are you choosing to have?

Why do beliefs about intelligence influence learning success? pdf
Eide Neurolearning Blog: Learning That We're Wrong
Eide Neurolearning Blog: Teaching Optimism
Eide Neurolearning Blog: Generation 'Whatever': From Pessimism to Pragmatic Optimism


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Thursday, November 16, 2006

Fall Colors, Patterns in Nature, and Family Road Trip


Because our kids are homeschooling, we decided to drive from the National Association of Gifted Children meetings in North Carolina to New York. Our trip took us up through the beautiful Appalachians where the trees were still bursting out in color.

Because I didn't have to drive, I had a wonderful opportunity to just enjoy the scenery, with little I had to do or think about. We noticed that even within short distances there were dramatic differences in the combinations of colors. Sometimes there was a profusion of yellows a little bit of reds, while other times it looked as if many trees had lost their leaves, leaving mostly reds.

We don't know much about trees, so we don't know whether it was the diffrent species, the effects of altitude, or different microclimate effects.
It was nice to have find the time to have thoughts linger about the patterns in nature that surrounded us, and to not solve all the mysteries that confronted us.



When we got home, we found out that some researchers discovered that trees actually produce red pigment in their leaves in the fall. This was a bit surprising (and certainly different from what I remember being told in school) because it meant that rather than trees simply flaring up their bright colors as a purposeless accident, red was made on purpose, to protect the tree from increased radiation damage as it was undergoing its autumn winding down program (like sunscreen) and maybe scavenging some free radicals while it was at it. Still other theories speculate that it may help the tree resist drought.

Just another little interesting mystery to file away until next season.

The Chemistry of Autumn Colors
Seeing Red - The Why of Fall Colors

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Wednesday, November 15, 2006

Do the Math - Schools, Brains, and Dyscalculia

With some improvements in reading and writing standards, math teaching and achievement are now in the crosshairs for schools -

Excerpt from NYT article, As Math Scores Lag, a New Push for the Basics: "It was a report from this same group in 1989 that influenced a generation of teachers to let children explore their own solutions to problems, write and draw pictures about math, and use tools like the calculator at the same time they learn algorithms.

But this fall, the group changed course, recommending a tighter focus on basic math skills and an end to “mile wide, inch deep” state standards that force schools to teach dozens of math topics in each grade. In fourth grade, for example, the report recommends that the curriculum should center on the “quick recall” of multiplication and division, the area of two-dimensional shapes and an understanding of decimals."

There are many cognitive skills required for elementary and advanced mathematics - not the least of them working, verbal, and visual-spatial memory, estimation, basic numeracy, automaticity of math facts retrieval, writing / writing automaticity, inference, and language comprehension... so it is not surprising that math may be the weakest of the 3 R's.



Check out the Butterworth chapter below for an excellent review of dyscalculia. There are many pearls -

Excerpt: e.g. for some dyscalculics, it takes them "longer to decide that 9 is larger than 2 than that 9 is larger than 8. Thhis seems to be due to some kind of counting strategy in which it takes longer to count from 2 to 9 than from 8 to 9."

Or "...an intelligent and industrious graduate, was 30 years old when we first tested him, but despite his best efforts, he was several times slower than controls on single-digit addition and subtraction, was quite unable to do multiplications involving numbers above 5, could not do two-digit subtraction at all, and was severely disabled on dot counting and number comparison..."

The authors also discuss the high co-morbidity between dyslexia and dyscalculia, and argue forcefully for better identification in the schools. This is particularly important here in the U.S. where the math standards are becoming the focus of NCLB.

"...Developmental Dyscalculia is not widely recognized by governments or by educators. It is still confused as dyslexia used to be with stupidity...only with better understanding of the nature of developmental dyscalculia can we devise effective ways of helping the millions of our fellow citizens..."

As Math Scores Lag, a New Push for the Basics - New York Times
Developmental Dyscalculia Chapter
Scientists Discover the Part of the Brain That Causes Some People to Be Lousy in Math
Discrete and analogue quantity processing in the parietal lobe

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Tuesday, November 14, 2006

Big Picture Thinking, Dyslexic CEO Orfalea, and Irrepressible "Why's"

At the International Dyslexia Association meetings we had a nice opportunity to talk with a variety of individuals about big picture thinking, or thinking beyond the box. Many successful dyslexic innovators seem particularly gifted at being able to manage complex fields that require massive amounts of dynamically changing information, partial or misleading information (decision-making under uncertainty), and diverse forms of knowledge and experience. Field like this embrace almost any innovative business, science, or technology, or financial market.

What makes one an excellent big picture thinker? - a drive to question and to understand (whys and hows), and strengths in inference and analysis - to read between the lines or see the "negative space" or what is not being told or said explicitly.

Paul Orfalea (dyslexic CEO of Kinko's and author of "Copy This!") - explained big picture thinking with an example of a first-time home buyer. If a big picture thinker wants to know about how to buy a house, he (or she) won't be satisfied with a brief soundbyte - like find a real estate agent. He wants to know what are the issues about buying a house - what's the larger system - how do the realtor, the seller, make their money (the economics of home buying), what are the pros and cons of when and what type of house one buys?

It's easy to see that this type of thinking is well-suited to complex real world environments, but not necessarily off-the-rack education. The young big picture thinker may be like Baudelaire's albatross (poem below). Their difference in personality, temperament, and thinking style that will be so important for them in the future, may bog them down for years in their childhood.

What are the best learning environments or training grounds for young big-picture thinkers? How do we channel the fire but also avoid an uncontrollable burn? The answers will be different for different students, but alternatives and options have life-or-death consequences for some.

Excerpt from Abilities article: "In Orfalea’s case, his learning style gave him the ability to see the big picture, the overall vision, and not get mired in minutiae. That can be a wonderful skill for a businessman with a flow of bright ideas."

From Copy This!: "“Whenever I felt down, whenever I started wondering what homeless shelter I would die in, [my mother] would buck me up by telling me: you know, Paul, the A students work for the B students, the C students run the companies, and the D students dedicate the buildings.

“Don’t get me wrong. I’m not suggesting parents say this to a child who’s getting A’s and B’s. But the child who can’t play by the same rules needs to know there’s so much more to life than what goes down on a report card."

-----

The Albatross

Often to pass the time on board, the crew
will catch an albatross, one of those big birds
which nonchalently chaperone a ship
across the bitter fathoms of the sea.

Tied to the deck, this sovereign of space,
as if embarrassed by its clumsiness,
pitiably lets its great white wings
drag at its sides like a pair of unshipped oars.

How weak and awkward, even comical
this traveller but lately so adoit -
one deckhand sticks a pipestem in its beak,
another mocks the cripple that once flew!

The Poet is like this monarch of the clouds
riding the storm above the marksman's range;
exiled on the ground, hooted and jeered,
he cannot walk because of his great wings.

-- Charles Baudelaire
-------
Meet "kinko" Paul Orfalea
The Big Picture: Thinking the unthinkable, predicting the unpredictable
Systems Thinking and Innovation
[minstrels] The Albatross -- Charles Baudelaire

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Rain, Rain, Rain in Seattle - A Salmon Crossing the Road



It was raining buckets in New York when we left, and we came back home to more buckets in Seattle. Apparently, the Pineapple Express (below) is a warm torrential raining system that starts in Hawaii.





What's the Pineapple Express? KOMO-TV

Thanks, What It's Like on the Inside for HT re: Jim Bryant's great picture.

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Wednesday, November 01, 2006

More Travel for the Eides - Back Nov 15th NAGC, IDA, Stuyvesant, Westchester

We're on the road again! Please hello if you're at any of these events-

Nov 3rd National Association for Gifted Children - Charlotte, NC
1:30 pm Misdiagnosis and Dual-Diagnosis of Gifted Children with Dr. James Webb

Nov 5th - Westchester, NY Kidabilities.com 1:00-4:30 pm
Sensory Processing Disorders and Beyond! Workshop - Slides / Handouts pdf: Here.

Nov 7th - Hunter College, Center for Gifted Studies NYC - Dr. Dona Matthews & her Teachers Class

Nov 8th - Stuyvesant High School NYC - Brains on Fire - How Gifted Thinkers Learn. This event is free and open to the public. Translators will also be available for Chinese and Korean. 7-9 pm. Slides / Handouts pdf: Here.

Nov 10th-11th International Dyslexia Association - Indianapolis, IN
We will be sharing a panel with Thomas West (Author, In the Mind's Eye)
on Nov 10th at 4:30 pm; Poster on Brilliant Dyslexics Nov 11th 10:30-
12:30 pm, Book signing at the IDA Bookstore Table at 12:30 pm on Nov 11th.

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Geology by Air



We had beautiful flying weather to Arizona last week, and I took this photo from the plane. Geology by plane is fantastic. Here's Mount Hood. You can see the deep crevices from old flows.

Geology by Lightplane
Geology.com
Eide Neurolearning Blog: Google Earth: Found Roman Ruins

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